Internet trolls who create derogatory hashtags or post doctored images to humiliate others could face prosecution in England and Wales.
Inciting people to harass others online, known as virtual mobbing, could also result in court action, under new Crown Prosecution Service guidance outlined today.
The director of public prosecutions told the BBC that the new rules means they will prosecute “in the same way” as if it were offline.
However, she stressed this did not mean prosecutors could “stifle free speech”.
The new rules aim to help police identify online crimes more easily.